Source water tank sand filter carbon filter belt softening reverse osmosis fully automatic water filtration machinery

Product description

Technical Scheme for Sand Filter, Carbon Filter Belt Softening, Reverse Osmosis Fully Automatic Water Filtration Equipment for Raw Water Tank
1、 Overall System Architecture and Process Flow Diagram
This device is an integrated water treatment system that achieves the conversion of water quality from raw water to pure water through the full process design of “raw water storage pretreatment softening desalination”. The core process is as follows:
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Raw water tank → sand filter → carbon filter → softening device → precision filter → fully automatic reverse osmosis device → pure water tank
System functions:
The balance of water quality and quantity in the raw water tank fluctuates;
Sand filtration/charcoal filtration to remove suspended solids, organic matter, and residual chlorine;
Softening reduces hardness to prevent scaling;
Reverse osmosis deep desalination produces pure water.
2、 Technical parameters and design points of each unit
1. Source Water Tank
Design parameters:
Material: 304 stainless steel (water contact part), with a capacity configured according to 1-2 times the system’s water production (such as a 10-20m ³ water tank for a 10m ³/h system);
Supporting equipment: liquid level sensor (low liquid level alarm, high liquid level pump stop), drain valve (regular removal of sediment).
2. Sand Filter
Filter material: quartz sand (particle size 0.5-1.2mm), filter layer thickness 1.2m, turbidity removal rate ≥ 90% (reduced from 20NTU to ≤ 2NTU);
Backwash: PLC control pressure difference>0.05MPa or timed for 12 hours to trigger, water flushing intensity 15L/(m ² · s), lasting for 5-10 minutes.
3. Carbon Filter
Filter material: Coconut shell activated carbon (specific surface area ≥ 1000m ²/g), with a residual chlorine removal rate of>99% and an organic matter (COD) removal rate of 40% -60%;
Design: Contact time of 15 minutes, residual chlorine in effluent ≤ 0.05mg/L, to prevent oxidation of RO membrane.
4. Softening Unit
Principle: Na type ion exchange resin removes calcium and magnesium ions, reducing hardness from 300mg/L (calculated as CaCO3) to ≤ 5mg/L;
Regeneration: Flow triggered (per 100m ³ of water processed), regeneration with 8% -10% NaCl solution, salt consumption ratio ≤ 1:1.2, resin lifespan of 2-3 years.
5. Fine Filter
Filter element: 5 μ m PP melt blown filter element, which intercepts residual particles after pretreatment, ensures that the inlet SDI is ≤ 5, and protects the RO membrane;
Replacement: Replace if the pressure difference is greater than 0.1MPa or after 1-3 months of operation. The quick opening structure is easy to maintain.

6. Fully automatic reverse osmosis device (RO)
Membrane element: Polyamide composite membrane (such as Dow BW30-400), desalination rate ≥ 99%, produced water conductivity ≤ 10 μ S/cm (when raw water TDS<1000mg/L);
Control: Automatic low-pressure flushing (1 minute on), chemical flushing (5 minutes off), recovery rate of 60% -75%, adjustable concentrated water discharge ratio.
3、 Comparison of Water Quality Treatment Effects
Raw water (groundwater) in the treatment stage, sand filtration, carbon filtration, softening, and RO water production
Turbidity (NTU) ≤ 20 ≤ 5 ≤ 3 ≤ 3 ≤ 0.5
Residual chlorine (mg/L) ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02
Hardness (CaCO3, mg/L) ≤ 500 ≤ 500 ≤ 500 ≤ 5 ≤ 1
Conductivity (μ S/cm) ≤ 1500 ≤ 1400 ≤ 1200 ≤ 1200 ≤ 10
4、 Automation Control and Energy saving Design
Fully automatic operation logic
Linkage between raw water tank and RO: When the raw water tank is at a low liquid level, the RO will automatically shut down, and when it is at a high liquid level, it will resume operation;
Pure water tank level control: Start RO at low liquid level and stop at high liquid level, achieving a closed-loop system of “water production storage”.
Energy saving optimization
High pressure pump frequency conversion control: automatically adjusts according to the raw water pressure, with energy consumption of 1.5-2kWh/m ³, saving 20% energy compared to traditional systems;
Backwash water recovery: After sedimentation, the backwash water from sand filter/carbon filter is reused in the original water tank, increasing the water resource utilization rate to 90%.
5、 Application scenarios and cases
Industrial production water
Electronics industry: chip cleaning water (conductivity ≤ 10 μ S/cm), supporting EDI production of ultrapure water;
Boiler water replenishment: After softening, the hardness should be ≤ 0.03mmol/L to prevent scaling of high-pressure boilers (such as in the case of a 300MW power plant).
Civil and Municipal Scenarios
Direct drinking water in residential areas: The conductivity of the produced water is ≤ 50 μ S/cm, and it is paired with ultraviolet sterilization to meet the demand for direct drinking;
Rural drinking water renovation: treating high hardness and high turbidity groundwater, solving scale and microbial problems (such as projects in North China).
Special fields
Laboratory water: As a basic equipment for pure water, it will be connected to ultra pure water machines in the future;
Medical dialysis: After further treatment, the RO produced water meets the dialysis water standard (conductivity ≤ 15 μ S/cm).

6、 Maintenance and troubleshooting
Component maintenance content cycle
Cleaning and disinfection of raw water tank/pure water tank, calibration of liquid level gauge every quarter
Supplement filter material and test adsorption capacity for sand/carbon filters every six months, and annually for carbon filters
Softening resin testing exchange capacity, regeneration/replacement every 2 years
RO membrane element chemical cleaning (citric acid+sodium hydroxide) every 6-12 months
Common troubleshooting:
RO water production decreases: When the membrane is contaminated, clean it with a 2% citric acid solution, and increase the inlet water temperature to 25 ℃ when it is low;
Softened water hardness exceeds the standard: resin failure requires replacement, and when the concentration of recycled salt is insufficient, it should be adjusted to 8% -10%.
7、 Selection and configuration suggestions
Water production design
Small scale system: 1-10m ³/h (laboratory, small factory), covering an area of 5-8 square meters;
Medium sized system: 20-50m ³/h (residential area, food factory), equipped with 50m ³ water tank, power 8-15kW;
Large scale system:>100m ³/h (industrial park), multiple sets of equipment connected in parallel, managed by a central monitoring platform.
Adaptation of raw water quality
High sulfate water quality: The softening device uses sulfate type resin, and scale inhibitors are added before RO;
High silica water quality (SiO ₂>50mg/L): Silicon dispersant is added before RO to prevent silica scaling;
Seawater/brackish water: RO pressure increased to 6-8 MPa, equipped with energy recovery device (such as PX pump).
Industry customized solutions
Pharmaceutical industry: The pure water tank is made of 316L stainless steel, with electrolytic polishing on the inner wall, in compliance with GMP standards;
Explosion proof scenario: Select explosion-proof high-pressure pumps and control cabinets (explosion-proof grade Ex d IIC T6).
summarize
This device achieves efficient purification of raw water through the full process design of “storage filtration softening desalination”, especially suitable for industrial and civilian scenarios with high requirements for water quality stability and automation. Its core value lies in the efficient collaboration of multi-level processing, low operation and maintenance costs, and the ability to adapt to different raw water qualities through flexible configuration. It is a classic solution in the field of water treatment.