Sand Filter, Carbon Filter, Fully Automatic Reverse Osmosis Precision Water Filtration Mechanical Equipment

Product description

Analysis of core equipment in water treatment systems: sand filtration, carbon filtration, and fully automatic reverse osmosis precision filtration
1、 Sand Filter
Function: As a preprocessing core device, it removes suspended solids, colloids, sediment and other particulate impurities (particle size ≥ 5 μ m) from raw water through physical interception and adsorption of filter media such as quartz sand, reducing turbidity and alleviating the load for subsequent processing.
Technical features:
Filter material selection: commonly used quartz sand (particle size 0.5-1.2mm), layered filling (coarse sand bottom layer, fine sand top layer), forming a gradient filtration structure.
Operation mode: Fully automatic control (PLC program), supporting timed or pressure differential triggered backwashing. During backwashing, water flows in reverse to flush the filter material and remove impurities.
Application scenarios: Front end purification for municipal water supply, industrial circulating water, reverse osmosis pretreatment, etc.
2、 Carbon Filter
Function: Utilizing the adsorption properties of activated carbon, remove organic matter, residual chlorine, discoloration, odor, and some heavy metal ions from water, improve water quality, taste, and chemical indicators.
Technical principle:
Adsorption mechanism: Activated carbon porous structure (with a specific surface area of up to 500-1500m ²/g) captures pollutants through physical adsorption (van der Waals force) and chemical adsorption (functional group reaction).
Key parameters: residual chlorine removal rate ≥ 99%, organic matter removal rate (COD) can reach 40% -60%, and it is necessary to regularly monitor adsorption saturation and replace activated carbon (usually every 6-12 months).
Operation control: Fully automatic backwashing (linked with sand filter), the backwashing intensity should take into account the integrity of activated carbon particles to avoid crushing and loss.
3、 Fully Automatic Reverse Osmosis (RO) system
1. Technical principles
Core mechanism: Driven by pressure higher than the osmotic pressure of the solution, the reverse osmosis membrane (pore size 0.0001-0.001 μ m) intercepts dissolved salts, organic matter, bacteria, viruses, etc. in water through screening, producing high-purity fresh water.
Key components:
Reverse osmosis membrane: Polyamide composite membrane (such as Dow FilmTec, Heideneng), desalination rate ≥ 99.5% (under standard conditions).
High pressure pump: Provides an operating pressure of 1.0-1.6MPa to overcome osmotic pressure (positively correlated with raw water salinity).
Control system: PLC fully automatic operation, real-time monitoring of pressure, flow rate, conductivity, and automatic adjustment of concentrated water discharge ratio (recovery rate usually 60% -75%).

2. The difference between primary and secondary reverse osmosis
Comparison Dimension: First level Reverse Osmosis, Second level Reverse Osmosis
System structure: single-stage membrane components+two-stage membrane components of high-pressure pump connected in series (with the first stage produced water as the second stage inlet)
The conductivity of the produced water quality is ≤ 10 μ S/cm (desalination rate 97% -99%), and the conductivity is ≤ 1 μ S/cm (desalination rate ≥ 99.8%)
Application scenarios include industrial water, boiler feedwater, municipal deep treatment of electronic grade ultrapure water, pharmaceutical preparation water, and high-purity experimental water
Low energy consumption and cost (single-stage pump), low investment cost, increased energy consumption (two-stage pump+membrane module), high investment and operating costs
4、 Fine Filtration and System Integration
Precision filter: usually a 5 μ m polypropylene melt blown filter (PP filter), installed before reverse osmosis, intercepts fine particles (such as colloids and microbial debris) that have not been removed by sand/carbon filters, and protects the RO membrane from scratches and blockages.
System integration logic:
plaintext
Raw water tank → Sand filter (excluding particles) → Carbon filter (excluding organic matter/residual chlorine) → Precision filter (security filter) → Fully automatic reverse osmosis (desalination and purification) → Pure water tank
Typical applications: Electronic semiconductor industry (requiring secondary RO+EDI to produce ultrapure water), food and beverage production (primary RO to produce drinking water), wastewater treatment and reuse (high recovery RO system).
5、 Equipment advantages and market trends
Automation advantages: PLC fully automatic control achieves “unmanned operation”, fault warning (such as membrane fouling alarm) and automatic flushing functions improve system stability.
Technical upgrade:
Anti fouling technology for membrane components (such as surface modification of anti fouling membranes), extending the cleaning cycle (from traditional 3-6 months to 12 months).
Energy recovery devices (such as PX pressure exchangers) can reduce reverse osmosis energy consumption by 15% -30%, which is in line with the trend of green water treatment.
If specific equipment parameters or solutions are needed, further explanation of application scenarios (such as treatment water volume, raw water quality, and water production standards) can be provided to provide customized analysis.