First Level Reverse Osmosis Mechanical Filtration Activated Carbon Filtration Precision Filtration Water Treatment Equipment

Product description

Technical analysis of first level reverse osmosis mechanical filtration, activated carbon filtration, and precision filtration water treatment equipment
1、 Overall system architecture and process flow
This device is a four stage purification system that integrates “mechanical filtration activated carbon filtration precision filtration first stage reverse osmosis”. Through physical interception, adsorption, and membrane separation technologies, it achieves deep purification from raw water to pure water. The core process is as follows:
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Raw water → Mechanical filter → Activated carbon filter → Precision filter → Primary reverse osmosis (RO) device → Pure water tank
Core functions:
Mechanical filtration to remove large particle impurities;
Activated carbon filtration adsorbs organic matter and residual chlorine;
Precision filtration captures fine particles;
Primary reverse osmosis deep desalination produces low salt content pure water.
2、 Key Unit Technical Principles and Parameters
1. Mechanical filter (pre-processing core)
Principle: Using quartz sand, smokeless coal, and other materials as filter media, remove large particle impurities (particle size ≥ 20 μ m) such as sediment, rust, colloids, etc. from raw water through “mechanical screening+deep interception”.
Key parameters:
Filter material grading: upper layer quartz sand (0.8-1.2mm), lower layer anthracite (1-2mm), filter layer thickness 1.2-1.5m;
Filtration flow rate: 8-12m/h, turbidity removal rate ≥ 90% (reduced from 20NTU to ≤ 2NTU);
Backwash: Fully automatic control (pressure difference>0.05MPa or timed for 12 hours), water flushing intensity 15-20L/(m ² · s), lasting for 5-10 minutes.
2. Activated carbon filter (adsorption purification core)
Principle: Coconut shell activated carbon (specific surface area ≥ 1000m ²/g) removes residual chlorine, organic matter, and color and odor through physical adsorption (van der Waals force) and chemical adsorption (surface functional group reaction).
Key parameters:
Residual chlorine removal rate>99% (reduced from 1.0mg/L to ≤ 0.05mg/L) to prevent RO membrane oxidation;
The removal rate of organic matter (COD) is 40% -60%, and the adsorption effect on pesticides, humic acid, etc. is significant;
The contact time is 10-15 minutes, and the replacement cycle of activated carbon is 1-2 years (depending on the quality of the raw water).
3. Precision filter (security filter)
Principle: 5 μ m PP melt blown filter or folded filter can intercept fine particles (5-20 μ m), colloids, and microbial debris remaining after pretreatment.
Core role:
Protect the RO membrane from scratches or blockages, ensuring that the inlet SDI (pollution index) is ≤ 5;
Filter replacement logic: When the pressure difference is greater than 0.1MPa or after 1-3 months of operation, the quick opening structure is easy to maintain.
4. First stage reverse osmosis (RO) device (desalination core)
Principle: Under high pressure of 0.8-1.5MPa, water molecules pass through the RO membrane (pore size 0.0001 μ m), intercepting dissolved salts, heavy metals, bacteria, etc., with a desalination rate of ≥ 97% -99%.

Key parameters:
Membrane element: Aromatic polyamide composite membrane (such as Dow BW30-400), with a single water production rate of 0.5-1m ³/h;
Recovery rate: 60% -75% (when the TDS of the raw water is less than 2000mg/L), the conductivity of the produced water is ≤ 50 μ S/cm;
Automation control: PLC realizes low-pressure flushing (1 minute on), chemical cleaning (5 minutes off), and automatic discharge of conductivity exceeding the standard.
3、 Comparison of Water Quality Treatment Effects
During the treatment stage, the raw water (municipal tap water) is mechanically filtered, activated carbon filtered, and precision filtered to produce first stage RO water
Turbidity (NTU) ≤ 5 ≤ 2 ≤ 1 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.1
Residual chlorine (mg/L) ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.02
Total dissolved solids (TDS, mg/L) ≤ 500 ≤ 500 ≤ 450 ≤ 450 ≤ 15
Conductivity (μ S/cm) ≤ 800 ≤ 800 ≤ 700 ≤ 700 ≤ 30
Total bacterial count (CFU/mL) ≤ 1000 ≤ 100 ≤ 50 ≤ 10 ≤ 1
4、 Technical advantages and applicable scenarios
Core advantages
Efficient desalination: The first stage RO has a retention rate of over 99.5% for divalent ions (such as Ca ² ⁺, Mg ² ⁺), making it suitable for treating medium salinity water sources;
Cost controllable: Compared to secondary RO, equipment investment is 30% lower and energy consumption is 20% lower (1.5-2kWh/m ³);
Automated operation: One click start stop, automatic backwash/cleaning, suitable for unmanned operation in small and medium-sized scenarios.
applications
Industrial water:
Food and beverage processing (such as bottled water and juice production), with water production complying with GB 19298-2014;
Boiler feedwater (hardness ≤ 0.03mmol/L) to prevent scaling;
Laboratory basic pure water (conductivity ≤ 50 μ S/cm).
Civilian water purification:
Residential drinking water stations and commercial water purifiers (such as office buildings and hotels);
Rural centralized water supply (treating high salinity groundwater with TDS<2000mg/L).

5、 Maintenance and troubleshooting
Component maintenance content cycle
Add filter material to the mechanical filter and check the backwash effect every six months
Activated carbon filter detects adsorption capacity and replaces activated carbon every 1-2 years
Replace the filter element of the precision filter every 1-3 months
RO membrane element chemical cleaning (citric acid+sodium hydroxide) every 6-12 months
Common troubleshooting:
RO water production decreases: When the membrane is contaminated, clean it with 2% citric acid, and increase the inlet water temperature to 25 ℃ when it is low;
Excessive conductivity of produced water: Check if the membrane is damaged (replace membrane components) or if the concentration ratio is too low (increase concentration discharge).
6、 Selection suggestions
Small system (1-10m ³/h): suitable for laboratories and small food factories, covering an area of 5-8 square meters, with a power of 3-8kW;
Medium sized system (10-50m ³/h): suitable for residential areas and factories, equipped with a 20-50m ³ pure water tank, with a power of 10-20kW;
Raw water adaptation:
High hardness water (>300mg/L): Add a softening device (such as a sodium ion exchanger);
High organic matter water (COD>100mg/L): Ozone oxidation unit is added before the activated carbon filter.
summarize
This device utilizes a collaborative process of “mechanical filtration activated carbon filtration precision filtration primary RO” to balance costs while ensuring desalination efficiency, making it suitable for scenarios with moderate water quality requirements (conductivity ≤ 50 μ S/cm). Its core value lies in sufficient pretreatment, stable operation, and easy maintenance, making it the mainstream solution for small and medium-sized industrial and civilian water purification fields.