Sand Filter, Carbon Filter, Precision Filter, Fully Automatic First Stage Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Equipment

Product description

Equipment Overview
The “sand filter, carbon filter, precision filter, fully automatic first stage reverse osmosis water treatment equipment” is a combined water treatment system that gradually purifies raw water through various filtration and membrane separation technologies to meet the water quality requirements of different users. It is widely used in various fields such as industrial production and drinking water treatment, and can effectively remove impurities such as suspended solids, organic matter, and salt in water.
Working principles and functions of each component
Sand Filter
Working principle: Using quartz sand as the filtering medium, raw water enters from the upper part of the sand filter and flows through the sand layer from top to bottom under the action of gravity or pressure. Suspended solids, sediment, rust, colloids and other large impurities in the water are intercepted by the pores between quartz sand particles, and purified water flows out from the lower part. As the filtration progresses, impurities gradually accumulate in the sand layer. When the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the sand filter reaches a certain value (such as 0.05-0.1MPa) or the operating time reaches the set duration (such as 8-12 hours), backwashing is required. During backwashing, the water flows in the opposite direction through the sand layer, causing the sand particles to loosen and washing away the trapped impurities, restoring the filtering performance of the sand filter.
Function: Mainly removes larger suspended particles and colloidal substances from raw water, reduces water turbidity, usually reducing turbidity from 20NTU to below 5NTU, providing a relatively clean water source for subsequent filtration and treatment, and protecting subsequent equipment from blockage and wear caused by large particle impurities.
Parameters: The quartz sand particle size is generally 0.5-1.2mm, the filter layer thickness is usually 1-1.5m, and the filtration flow rate is 5-10m/h.
Carbon Filter
Working principle: Activated carbon is the main filtering material, which has a huge specific surface area and rich pore structure. When raw water passes through a carbon filter, residual chlorine, organic matter (such as phenols, pesticide residues, humus, etc.), pigments, odors, and other substances in the water are adsorbed by the pores of activated carbon. The adsorption of activated carbon includes physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Physical adsorption is based on van der Waals forces between molecules, while chemical adsorption is a chemical reaction between the active groups on the surface of activated carbon and the adsorbed substance. As the usage time increases, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon gradually saturates and needs to be replaced or regenerated (some activated carbon can restore its adsorption performance through chemical agents or thermal regeneration).
Function: Effectively remove residual chlorine from water and prevent oxidation damage to subsequent reverse osmosis membranes caused by residual chlorine; Simultaneously removing organic matter, pigments, and odors from water, improving its sensory properties, and making it clearer and odorless. The residual chlorine removal rate is generally greater than 99%, and it can also achieve good results in removing organic matter.
Parameters: The specific surface area of activated carbon is ≥ 1000m ²/g, and the contact time is generally 10-15 minutes.

Precision Filter
Working principle: Also known as a security filter, it usually uses PP melt blown filter element or folding filter element, etc. The raw water passes through the filter element under pressure, with a filtration accuracy of generally 5 μ m. The filter element can intercept small particles, colloids, microorganisms and other impurities remaining after treatment by sand and carbon filters, further purifying the water quality and preventing these impurities from entering the reverse osmosis membrane, avoiding scratches or blockages on the membrane surface, and thus protecting the performance and service life of the reverse osmosis membrane.
Function: As the last line of defense before the reverse osmosis membrane, it further reduces the content of particulate matter in water, ensures that the water quality entering the reverse osmosis membrane meets its inlet requirements, and guarantees the stable operation of the reverse osmosis system.
Parameter: The replacement cycle of the filter element is generally determined by the inlet water quality and operating time. When the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the filter reaches 0.1 MPa or after 1-3 months of operation, the filter element needs to be replaced.
Fully Automatic First – Level Reverse Osmosis Unit
Working principle: Reverse osmosis is a membrane separation technology driven by pressure. The high-pressure pump pressurizes the raw water after pretreatment (sand filtration, carbon filtration, precision filtration) to 0.8-1.5MPa, and the raw water passes through the reverse osmosis membrane under pressure. The pore size of reverse osmosis membranes is very small, about 0.0001 μ m, allowing only water molecules to pass through. Dissolved salts (such as sodium ions, chloride ions, calcium and magnesium ions, etc.), bacteria, viruses, small molecule organic matter and other impurities in water are intercepted. The water passing through the membrane becomes produced water (pure water), while the water containing high concentrations of impurities that does not pass through the membrane becomes concentrated water and is discharged. To prevent membrane fouling and scaling, the system is usually equipped with an automatic flushing function, which flushes the membrane before and after startup to remove contaminants from the membrane surface.
Function: Achieving deep desalination of water and removal of small molecule impurities is a key step in producing high-purity water for the entire water treatment equipment. It can remove most of the dissolved salts in water, with a desalination rate generally ≥ 95%, and the conductivity of the produced water can be as low as 5-50 μ S/cm (depending on the quality of the raw water), meeting the high-quality water needs of different industries.
Parameter: The recovery rate of reverse osmosis membrane is generally between 60-80%, that is, 60-80% of the raw water is converted into produced water, and the rest becomes concentrated water.

application area
Industrial production water
Electronic industry: In processes such as chip manufacturing, semiconductor processing, and circuit board production, extremely high water quality is required. The pure water produced by this equipment can meet its strict requirements for particle and ion content in water, preventing adverse effects such as chip short circuits and electronic component corrosion caused by water quality issues, and ensuring the quality and performance of electronic products.
Pharmaceutical industry: used for ingredients, preparations, cleaning and other processes in the production of drugs, in accordance with the requirements of relevant standards such as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for pharmaceutical water. Whether it is the preparation of injections, oral liquids and other drugs, or the cleaning of medicinal equipment, high-purity and pollution-free pure water is needed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of drugs.
Food and beverage industry: In food processing (such as canning and dairy production) and beverage manufacturing (such as bottled water, fruit juice, carbonated drinks, etc.), as production water, it can ensure the stability of product taste and quality, and avoid the influence of impurities and odors in water on product quality. For example, in bottled water production, the use of this equipment to produce pure water can meet higher hygiene standards and taste requirements for the product.
Chemical industry: used for reaction water, cooling water, washing water, etc. in chemical production, which can prevent impurities in water from interfering with chemical reactions, as well as corrosion and scaling of equipment, and improve the efficiency and product quality of chemical production.
Drinking water treatment
In scenarios such as direct drinking water systems in residential areas and rural drinking water renovation projects, this equipment can purify raw water, remove harmful substances from the water, improve the taste and safety of drinking water, and provide residents with high-quality drinking water that meets hygiene standards.
Equipment advantages
Multi stage filtration for excellent water quality: Through a combination of sand filtration, carbon filtration, precision filtration, and reverse osmosis, various impurities from large particles to small molecules in water can be effectively removed, resulting in stable water quality and high purity, meeting the water needs of various high-end industries.
High degree of automation: The equipment adopts a fully automatic control system, which can realize the automatic operation, backwashing, regeneration of each filtration unit, as well as the start stop, flushing and other operations of the reverse osmosis device, reducing manual intervention, lowering labor intensity, and improving the stability and reliability of equipment operation.
Stable operation and long lifespan: Each component is made of high-quality materials and mature technology, and has undergone strict quality inspection and performance testing. It has good corrosion resistance and pollution resistance, and can operate stably for a long time, reducing equipment downtime and maintenance time, and extending the overall service life of the equipment.
Energy saving and environmental protection: By designing the system process and configuring equipment reasonably, the water recovery rate has been improved, the discharge of concentrated water has been reduced, and water resources have been saved; Meanwhile, the use of energy-saving high-pressure pumps and other equipment has reduced energy consumption.

Maintenance points
Maintenance of sand filter: Regularly check the condition of the filter material of the sand filter, usually every six months to one year. When the loss of filter material exceeds 10-20%, it needs to be replenished or replaced in a timely manner. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the normal operation of the backwash system, regularly clean the backwash drainage pipeline, and prevent blockage.
Carbon filter maintenance: Regularly check the residual chlorine content and organic matter indicators in the effluent of the carbon filter. When the residual chlorine removal rate decreases or the organic matter removal effect deteriorates, consider replacing the activated carbon. The replacement cycle of activated carbon is generally 1-2 years, depending on the quality of raw water and equipment operation.
Precision filter maintenance: Replace the filter element in a timely manner according to the prescribed pressure difference or operating time. When replacing the filter element, pay attention to the operating procedures to prevent improper installation of the filter element from causing a decrease in filtration efficiency. At the same time, regularly check the sealing condition of the filter to ensure no leakage.
Maintenance of reverse osmosis device: Regularly perform chemical cleaning on the reverse osmosis membrane. Depending on the quality of the raw water and the operation of the system, the cleaning cycle is generally 3-12 months. When the water production of the membrane decreases by 10-20%, the desalination rate decreases by 5-10%, or the inlet and outlet pressure difference increases by 15-20%, timely cleaning should be carried out. In addition, regularly check the operation status of high-pressure pumps, valves, instruments and other equipment to ensure the normal operation of the system.